![]() ![]() Mice lacking mitochondrial uncoupling protein are cold-sensitive but not obese. Development of obesity in transgenic mice after genetic ablation of brown adipose tissue. Impact of age on the relationships of brown adipose tissue with sex and adiposity in humans. High incidence of metabolically active brown adipose tissue in healthy adult humans: effects of cold exposure and adiposity. The presence of UCP1 demonstrates that metabolically active adipose tissue in the neck of adult humans truly represents brown adipose tissue. Identification and importance of brown adipose tissue in adult humans. Unexpected evidence for active brown adipose tissue in adult humans. Recruited brown adipose tissue as an antiobesity agent in humans. Cold acclimation recruits human brown fat and increases nonshivering thermogenesis. Outdoor temperature, age, sex, body mass index, and diabetic status determine the prevalence, mass, and glucose-uptake activity of 18F-FDG-detected BAT in humans. Brown adipose tissue, whole-body energy expenditure, and thermogenesis in healthy adult men. Functional brown adipose tissue in healthy adults. Cold-activated brown adipose tissue in healthy men. Brown adipose tissue: function and physiological significance. Developmental origin of fat: tracking obesity to its source. FAT SIGNALS-lipases and lipolysis in lipid metabolism and signalling. Emerging insights into the metabolic role of beige adipocytes are also discussed, along with the developments that can be expected from these promising targets for therapy of metabolic disease in the future. This article focuses on the development and regulatory control of beige adipocytes at the transcriptional and hormonal levels. Stimulating the development of beige adipocytes in WAT (so called 'browning') might reduce adverse effects of WAT and could help to improve metabolic health. In this light, we review the findings that BAT in human adults might consist of not only classic brown adipocytes but also inducible brown adipocytes (also called beige, brown-in-white, or brite adipocytes), which are phenotypically distinct from both white and brown adipocytes. As the amount of metabolically active BAT seems to be particularly low in patients with obesity or diabetes mellitus who require immediate therapy, new avenues are needed to increase the capacity for adaptive thermogenesis. The activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT), the primary organ for heat production, confers beneficial effects on adiposity, insulin resistance and hyperlipidaemia, at least in mice. Human brown adipose tissue is diverse and consists of both brown and beige adipocytes, in proportions that differ according to the fat depot's anatomical location and the age of the personīeige adipocytes are generated by both de novo recruitment from progenitor cells and transdifferentiation from white adipocytes-independent processes that might coexistĬellular energy sensing, in addition to sympathetic tone, are the driving forces that regulate the transcriptional networks controlling browningĬold exposure and other metabolic challenges elicit complex hormonal responses that facilitate communication between tissues and prepare the body for adaptive thermogenesisīrown adipose tissue is a critical regulator of metabolic health in mice yet, whether induction of browning will be a promising avenue to treat metabolic disorders in humans remains unclearĪccumulation of excess white adipose tissue (WAT) has deleterious consequences for metabolic health. The term browning describes the emergence of beige adipocytes in white adipose tissue-a reversible process that represents adaptation to increased thermogenic demand and exercise ![]()
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